Dear All, I have some basic questions that are more related to the practical handling of the samples rather than the concept. 1) Recently we had to prepare for the Cu and Pd samples and I had carried out the calculations of how much material will be needed for such measurement to get relatively good uT and deltauT values. For such purpose, I used the program developed by SPring-8 (on their website) dedicated for BL-14 beamline. In this program we can put in the cell diameter and what kind of BN thickness is needed. Since my samples are metal immobilized heterogeneous organic materials, it has a lot of background in terms of C,H,Si,N etc. Thus, I use material directly and I do not use BN at all. So my BN thickness is 0. How do I change this mass of material needed into the thickness of cell? What I do, is I use density of material and for the cylinder of pellet I calculate the thickness. My question is, WHAT GETS THE PRIORITY, THICKNESS OR MASS of material that goes in? Becuase thickness of pellet governs the XAFS equation, whereas mass governs the absorption peak (height and high uT). It is difficult to comprehend everything written on website, Since the website is in Japanese and I am not. Also it is kinda difficult to communicate with the authorities directly in free English, I am asking this question here. 2) Secondly, In the mixed metal case of type AB, If I focus the energy for A, how will the B have effect on the scattering of A. A=Cu and B=Pd. I will be measuring Pd in later days. Would it be possible to consider Pd (in this case) as a neighboring atom and purely treat it like I would otherwise e.g. N or O like that? Since this is my first time with mixed metal situation, any reference publications or material to read would be very helpful. 3) In another case of mine, I have Pd and Pd2+ mixture in my sample. Would it be possible to estimate the exact concentration of each of them? Using two analytically pure Pd and Pd2+ salts to make calibration curve would it be possible to get the exact concentration? What will be the independent variable on the graph? . Thank you for your kind help and information, in advance Best Pushkar -- Best Regards, Pushkar Shejwalkar. Post-doctoral -Researcher, Tokyo Engineering University, Tokyo-to Japan