| Larch: Data Analysis Tools for X-ray Spectroscopy

# 16.1. XRF Data: MCA and ROI objects

XRF spectra are typically measured with MCAs (Multi Channel Analyzers) which holds an array of intensities. Because of the long history of using MCAs to store XRF spectra, the two concepts are often mixed, and one often talks about MCA traces as being the same as XRF spectra. To be sure, an XRF spectrum \(I(E)\) can be represented well with an MCA trace (intensities per bin) as long as one can convert bin number to energy. Fortunately, most measurement systems in use have a linear relation (calibration) between bin number and energy, and the use of an MCA trace as an XRF spectrum is straightforward. We will probably use the terms interchangeably here as well.

Just to be clear: an XRF spectrum collected by an MCA will have a one dimensional array of counts with a single, well-defined energy for each bin. There will typically be between 1000 and 10,000 bins in each spectrum.

An ROI (Region of Interest) is a continuous portion of the XRF spectrum, generally representing a range of energies corresponding to a particular peak or X-ray emission line or family of lines. One often sums the counts in such an ROI to give a total number of counts for that emission line. An MCA spectrum may have many (typically 10s) of ROIs defined for particular emission lines.

In Larch, MCAs and ROIs are exposed as Groups, each with several attributes, and some built-in functions. For example, An MCA has arrays for `energy` and `counts`, as well as values for `real_time` and `live_time`, a deadtime correction factor `dt_factor`, and several ROIs. Each ROI has a `left` and `right` channel index, and a `roi.get_counts()` method.

## 16.1.1. Creating MCA objects

A simple way to create an MCA object is to read one from a disk file. For data collected at GSECARS, this can be done with the `read_gsemca()` function.

read_gsemca(filename)

  read a GSECARS MCA spectra file, returning a Group

  Parameters:

    filename – name of GSECARS MCA file

  The returned Group has the following components:

  > component name | description
  > --- | ---
  > filename | name of file
  > mcas | list of MCA objects for each MCA saved in the file
  > rois | list of ROIs
  > environ | list of Environmental Variables
  > energy | array of energy values
  > counts | array of counts, deadtime corrected and summed over MCAs
  > raw | array of counts, summed over MCAs, not corrected.
  > calib | dictionary of calibration values
  > dt_factor | deadtime correction factor
  > real_time | real time for data acquisition
  > live_time | live time for data acquisition
  > nchans | number of energy points in spectra
  > get_roi_counts() | function to get counts for a named ROI
  > save_mcafile() | function to save MCA to file

xrf_plot(energy, counts, mca=None)

  create an interactive window for displaying an X-ray Fluorescence spectra

  Parameters:

    - energy – array of energy values

    - counts – array of counts

    - mca – MCA group (as read from `read_gsemca()`), containing ROI definitions, calibration values, and related data.

An example plot is shown below

Figure 16.1.1.1 Example XRF Display, showing X-ray Fluorescence spectra, defined ROIs (in red), and Periodic Table for showing predicted emission lines.